Developed in the early 20th century as a response to the limited support available for individuals with dyslexia, the Orton-Gillingham Approach, often referred to as OG, is a well-established and highly effective instructional method for teaching individuals with dyslexia and other reading difficulties.
Named after its creators, Dr. Samuel Orton and Anna Gillingham, this approach is renowned for its tailored, multisensory techniques that cater to the unique needs of each learner. In this article, we will explore the principles, methods, and significance of the Orton-Gillingham Approach in fostering literacy success.
Dyslexia is a neurological condition that affects a person’s ability to read, write, and spell. It is characterized by difficulties in processing phonological information, which is essential for understanding the relationship between spoken and written language. Dyslexic individuals often struggle with decoding words, recognizing letter-sound connections, and comprehending text.
This method is based on the premise that reading and spelling are not natural skills but must be explicitly taught using a structured, systematic, and multisensory approach.
Focused on individualized instructionThe Orton-Gillingham Approach has a proven track record of success in helping individuals with dyslexia and reading difficulties. It equips them with the tools they need to become proficient readers and writers. It gives students agency and self-confidence by helping them understand that their difficulties in reading are not a result of their inability but rather a challenge that can be overcome with the right support.
The skills and strategies taught through OG are not only applicable during the learning process but also for a lifetime. Once mastered, they become automatic, making reading and writing less laborious.
Key principles of the OG approach include:
- Multisensory Learning: One of the fundamental aspects of OG is its use of multiple senses in the learning process. Students are encouraged to see, hear, and touch letters and words. This multisensory approach helps build strong neural connections and reinforces memory.
- Structured and Sequential: The OG approach uses a structured and sequential system for teaching phonemic awareness, phonics, and word recognition. Lessons progress from the simplest concepts to more complex ones, ensuring a strong foundation.
- Individualized Instruction: The approach tailors instruction to the specific needs of each learner. Lessons are adapted based on the student’s strengths and weaknesses, ensuring that they receive the necessary support and practice.
- Repetition and Review: OG places a strong emphasis on repetition and review to strengthen memory and reinforce learning. Mastery of a concept is essential before moving on to more advanced material.
- Phonological and Phonemic Awareness: A key component of the OG approach is the development of phonological and phonemic awareness. This involves understanding the sounds that make up words and being able to manipulate them.
By addressing the root causes of reading difficulties and providing the necessary tools for success, OG has played a vital role in advancing literacy for all.
